SUPERSTRING & BRANE WORLDS
M-Theory & Superstring Theory demand an 11-Dimensional
Universe.
M-Theory and String Theories insist there should be at least 10500 Brane Worlds and Superstring Worlds.
M-Theory and String Theories insist there should be at least 10500 Brane Worlds and Superstring Worlds.
0-Brane to 10-Brane. Let’s break Branes down.
Brane is short for membrane:
From zero - 10 branes are eleven dimensions.
0 ….This is the dimension exclusive to Gravity.
10 ….This is the dimension exclusive to The Cosmological
Constant.
1, 2, 3 … This is our usual 3-dimensional world. These three normal spacial dimensions start from vanishingly smaller than viral to extremely larger than the diameter of a galaxy.
4, 5,6,7,8.9 ….These 6 dimensions live within the Planck
world of 10-35 meter.
If you add up 0 to 10 it sums to an
11-dimensional world. What’s in this world? Branes and Superstrings live in
this 11-dimensional world.
There may be an equivalency between
“Strings/Superstrings” and “branes”.
0-brane is dimensionless (point particle, or a cross section
of a superstring).
1-brane (a string) is a slice of a 2-brane (the edge of a
2-dimensional sheet) which is equivalent to a "shoe" string/superstring.
2-brane (a circle) is edge of, or slice of 3-brane (cut a
3-dimensional grapefruit in half), or a circle or a flat “square” sheet.
3-brane: Roll up a square-sheet-2-brane and you get the shape
of a can of milk/cylinder or a grapefruit, which brings you back to
3-dimensional-3-brane.
3-brane (Ex. Earth) comes from slicing a 4-brain (this is near impossible to imagine). Follow the logic of slicing a higher dimensional body like a sheet of paper (2-brane) and getting a 1-brane (a string), then logically slicing a 4-brane will give you a 3-brane grapefruit.
3-brane (Ex. Earth) comes from slicing a 4-brain (this is near impossible to imagine). Follow the logic of slicing a higher dimensional body like a sheet of paper (2-brane) and getting a 1-brane (a string), then logically slicing a 4-brane will give you a 3-brane grapefruit.
4-brane is a slice of a 5-brane, 6-brane is a . . .
Keep going forward and you get an
11-dimensional body (containing 0-10 dimensions).
11-dimensions consist of 10 dimensions of space (1-10) and 1
dimension of time.
The 0-brane is the equivalent of Gravity.
The 10-brane is the equivalent
of The Cosmological Constant.
What exists within 11 dimensions of space-time? A
Planck “Super-Ball” of Superstrings and Branes.
Let’s re-examine our 11 dimensions. Sparticles and particles are strings. From a distance the string looks like a little dimensionless dot [•]. Closer up you realize the • is a string viewed from above when the string is standing vertically. Come a little closer and the "S" is a sheet of paper. Get up real close and the sheet is actually a rolled up tube.
Summarize:
Let’s re-examine our 11 dimensions. Sparticles and particles are strings. From a distance the string looks like a little dimensionless dot [•]. Closer up you realize the • is a string viewed from above when the string is standing vertically. Come a little closer and the "S" is a sheet of paper. Get up real close and the sheet is actually a rolled up tube.
Summarize:
0-brane [•]; A Dimensionless
point
1-brane
"S": 2-brane a sheet or Surface is a
3-brane,
a "rolled up tube" (or looking at the surface of, S, of a ball. This
"ball" is a slice of a
4-brane (just like a "flat" circle is a thin slice
of grapefruit).
You
can continue. 4-brane is a thin slice of a 5-brane . . .
All the way up to 10-brane to get to a total of 11
dimensions.
The number of particles= 24 (12 Fermions and 12 bosons the
number of sparticles = 24 (12 sfermion 12 botino). If H2O had 48 different
states, or forms, it would appear different but it would still be H2O.
Similarly, the above 48 different particles and sparticles are different
appearances of the same superstring.
BLACK HOLE: Event Horizon & Singularity
THE FABRIC OF A BLACK HOLE IS SPACE-TIME 'SUBSTANCE'. IT HAS A FLATTTENED SURFACE FAMOUSLY AND POPULARLY TERMED "AN EVENT HORIZON" BEYOND WHICH THERE IS NOTHING OBSERVABLE . THAT IS, NO ONE, NO INSTRUMENT THAT EXISTS, AND NONE CAN OR WILL EVER BE DEVISED, THAT WILL EVER SEE BEYOND ITS "EVENT HORIZON" AND PEER INTO THE INSIDES OF A BLACK HOLE. A BLACK HOLE, CONTRARY TO POPULAR MISUNDERSTANDING, IS NOT SPHERICAL LIKE A BALL. IT IS MORE LIKE THE SURFACE OF A TRAMPOLINE. THE GRAVITATIONAL PULLING FORCE AT ITS CENTER, POPULARLY AND INFAMOUSLY KNOWN AS THE BLACKHOLE'S "SINGULARITY", THE BLACK HOLES BLACK HEART, RELENTLESSLY ATTEMPTS TO SUCK UP, LIKE A VACUUM FROM THE DEPTHS OF HELL, EVERYTHING THAT CROSSES THE SURFACE OF THE EVENT HORIZON. THE SPACE-TIME BLACK HOLE FABRIC IS STRETCHED TAUT. THE FABRIC IS MORE LIKE THE SURFACE OF A TRAMPOLINE THAT HAS A "GRAVITATIONAL DRAIN" CALLED A 'SINGULARITY' IN ITS MIDDLE, LIKE THE HOLE IN THE MIDDLE OF A CIRCULAR BATHROOM SINK, EXCEPT THIS "HOLE/SINGULARITY" HAS THE PULL OF BILLIONS AND BILLIONS OF SUPER MAGNETS. ANYTHING AT ALL, EVEN LIGHT, GETTING TOO CLOSE OR CROSSING THE "EVENT HORIZON" SURFACE, IS PULLED AND SUCKED IN BY THIS "MAGNET" UNTIL IT DISAPPEARS DOWN THE BLACK HOLE'S SINK HOLE/SINGULARITY.
THE BLACK HOLE IS THIS FLAT CIRCULAR "SINK HOLE", A REGION OF SPACE STRETCHED AND PULLED TO EXTREME TAUTNESS AND STIFFNESS, SO THAT IT HAS NO SLACK AT ALL. A BLACK HOLE IS LIKE A "LOADED SPRING"; LOADED WITH GRAVITY AT ITS SINGULARITY CENTER, AND WITH ANOTHER OPPOSITE "SPRINGY-ANTIGRAVITY-RESISTING-FORCE". THIS "OTHER FORCE" IS AN UNCHANGING CONSTANTLY ACTING FORCE; THESE TWO OPPOSITE BUT EQUAL FORCES OF GRAVITY/SINGULARITY AND CONSTANT SPRING FORCE KEEPS THE BLACK HOLE'S EVENT HORIZON SURFACE STRETCHED SUPER TAUT. THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE IS VARIANT; IT LESSENS THE FURTHER AWAY FROM THE SINGULARITY SUPERGRAVITY CIRCULAR CENTER POINT/"HOLE", AND BECOMES MORE INESCAPABLE AS YOU APPROACH THE "SINGULARITY" DRAIN-HOLE. ( I AM SAYING 'INESCAPABLE' JUST TO MAKE A POINT, BUT ACTUALLY THE EVENT HORIZON SURFACE IS THE POINT OF NO RETURN). THE ANTIGRAVITY CONSTANT FORCE IS AN INTEGRAL PROPERTY OF THE BLACK HOLE'S SPACE-TIME FABRIC, AND IT'S UNCHANGING AND CONSTANT. IF GRAVITY WEAKENS OR STRENGTHENS AT ALL, IT DOES NOT CHANGE IN ITS INTENSITY AT ALL. NO MATTER HOW CLOSE OR NEAR, IT DOES NOT MATTER, THIS OPPOSITE ANTIGRAVITY FORCE REMAINS, WELL, UNCHANGING
Let us consider a dying star. There
are two opposing forces of titanic proportions keeping our Sun in one piece: GRAVITY unrelentingly trying to crush it, and the equal but opposite force generated by the FUSION BURNING OF THE SUN'S HYDROGEN FUEL. This "thermonuclear burning" of hydrogen, if gravity was to disappear, would cause our Sun to blow up in the mother of all explosions!
Eventually, when our Sun runs out of hydrogen in its old age (well, about five billion years from now), GRAVITY GETS ITS WAY: The sun collapses under its gravity. Our Sun, however, is not massive enough that it would be crushed so completely. Only very massive stars, stars of at least 4 -5 times our Sun's mass, gets 'the honor' of ending their lives this way.
.
When the death of a GIANT STAR transforms it into A BLACK HOLE MONSTER, nothing in existence that gets too close to the monster can ever escape its grasp. And all hope is lost if anything crosses over the Black Holes POINT-OF-NO-RETRUN "surface", 'The Event Horizon'. A black Hole is said to have a “singularity” at its center. Anything passing through and across The Black Hole’s Event Horizon-surface can never cross back in the opposite direction and leave the Black Hole. Not even light travelling 186,000 miles per second can escape a Black Hole. If an unlucky astronaut got too close to that surface and got sucked in, he would not be retrievable. He would be, as they say, Spaghettified. When he finally reaches down into the center
“singularity” he would be crushed to the Planck diameter (10-35 meter) of a string/superstring or a combination of strings and branes. It appears that creating a black hole is the opposite of creating a universe. A seed-universe of infinitesimal diameter size defeats gravity and inflates into a BIG BANG UNIVERSE, filled with STARS & GALAXIES. The reverse is the above with regards to a star. A large and massive enough star is defeated by gravity and shrinks to a “Singularity” (The Black Hole's Black-Heart-Center) that is surrounded by its "Event Horizon" (The Black Hole's Point-of -NO-Return Surface). The Black Hole's Singularity sucks in any and all objects that crosses over its Event Horizon.
When the death of a GIANT STAR transforms it into A BLACK HOLE MONSTER, nothing in existence that gets too close to the monster can ever escape its grasp. And all hope is lost if anything crosses over the Black Holes POINT-OF-NO-RETRUN "surface", 'The Event Horizon'. A black Hole is said to have a “singularity” at its center. Anything passing through and across The Black Hole’s Event Horizon-surface can never cross back in the opposite direction and leave the Black Hole. Not even light travelling 186,000 miles per second can escape a Black Hole. If an unlucky astronaut got too close to that surface and got sucked in, he would not be retrievable. He would be, as they say, Spaghettified. When he finally reaches down into the center
“singularity” he would be crushed to the Planck diameter (10-35 meter) of a string/superstring or a combination of strings and branes. It appears that creating a black hole is the opposite of creating a universe. A seed-universe of infinitesimal diameter size defeats gravity and inflates into a BIG BANG UNIVERSE, filled with STARS & GALAXIES. The reverse is the above with regards to a star. A large and massive enough star is defeated by gravity and shrinks to a “Singularity” (The Black Hole's Black-Heart-Center) that is surrounded by its "Event Horizon" (The Black Hole's Point-of -NO-Return Surface). The Black Hole's Singularity sucks in any and all objects that crosses over its Event Horizon.
Here is what is curious, though.
This “center” of the universe has the diameter of the Planck, and the
“singularity” center of the Black Hole also is the diameter of the Planck.
Could this mean when the Spaghettified astronaut ends up inside the singularity
he is transformed into strings (spaghetti) and branes? Consider when the
universe had a diameter the size of a Planck. What particles were imprisoned
were strings, superstrings and branes. Some M-Theorists speculate that a Black
Hole, just as when the Universe was “a youngster” about fourteen billion years
ago, had a Planck-sized ball of more than a Google (10100) superstrings and branes trapped in
the Black Hole’s Singularity between the crushing force of Gravity and the
inflating explosive force of the Cosmological Constant; but eventually the
singularity tiny stringy super ball explodes and grows into The Universe or
many exploding/inflating Black-Hole-Planck-Super-Balls become many kinds of
universes, accumulating in a “Bubble-Bath-Tub” Multiverse full of universes.
Back to our Tiny Planck Universe. Just as H2O has two states (water & ice) a Superstring comes in at least two forms (Particle & Sparticle). The Tiny Planck Universe stringy Superball is the object of a tug-of-war. Gravity's compressive tendency that is attempting to warp and curve the Space-Time Fabric of the Planck diameter Superball of particles and sparticles, and the Cosmological Constant's stretching tendency attempting to pull on the Ball as if it is stretchable taffy. The Cosmological Constant, however, gets the upper hand. Our 11-Dimensional Universe begins to inexorably expand 3 of its 11 dimensions. 6 of the remaining 8 dimensions remain Planck sized. The other 2 dimensions are in the form of Gravity and The Cosmological Constant. The 0-Brane Dimension is effectively Gravity. The 10-Brane Dimension is effectively The Cosmological Constant. The first, the Tension of Gravity, futilely attempts to resist the pull of The Cosmological Tension. Gravity gradually surrenders to the unrelenting opposing second tendency. However, it can only stretch and expand beyond the Planck length, just three of the remaining 9 dimensions of the Superball of particles and sparticles. These are the 3 normal dimensions: backward-forward; left-right and skyward-groundward. The other six dimensions of the Superballs particle and sparticles remain Planck sized.
Back to our Tiny Planck Universe. Just as H2O has two states (water & ice) a Superstring comes in at least two forms (Particle & Sparticle). The Tiny Planck Universe stringy Superball is the object of a tug-of-war. Gravity's compressive tendency that is attempting to warp and curve the Space-Time Fabric of the Planck diameter Superball of particles and sparticles, and the Cosmological Constant's stretching tendency attempting to pull on the Ball as if it is stretchable taffy. The Cosmological Constant, however, gets the upper hand. Our 11-Dimensional Universe begins to inexorably expand 3 of its 11 dimensions. 6 of the remaining 8 dimensions remain Planck sized. The other 2 dimensions are in the form of Gravity and The Cosmological Constant. The 0-Brane Dimension is effectively Gravity. The 10-Brane Dimension is effectively The Cosmological Constant. The first, the Tension of Gravity, futilely attempts to resist the pull of The Cosmological Tension. Gravity gradually surrenders to the unrelenting opposing second tendency. However, it can only stretch and expand beyond the Planck length, just three of the remaining 9 dimensions of the Superball of particles and sparticles. These are the 3 normal dimensions: backward-forward; left-right and skyward-groundward. The other six dimensions of the Superballs particle and sparticles remain Planck sized.
The photon never slowed one iota; it continues its breakneck Constant velocity of "c", that is, the constant "speed of light" (see above).. Until this day the only way Winsome, Jason, Colin, Linny, Ash or any body else or any particle can have face time social networking is passing photons between each other virtually instantaneously. The Photon soup containing floating "trace" particles (Quarks, Protons, Neutrons, pi-mesons, Electrons, neutrinos) rapidly expands at the speed of light as the soup expands and cools. Finally HYDROGEN and helium condenses out as the main body of the soup, leaving less than 1% as elemental lithium and beryllium. The Higgs boson mass-influence begins to be felt and previously fast-as-lightening out-spreading "trace" particles are gradually slowed. The only particle that continues at the light speed of 186,000 m/s is the ubiquitous photon. When Gravity adds its clumping and Space-Time warping effects, the particles begin to clump together into bigger and bigger bits of matter. Huge Supercluster pieces of matter give rise to superclusters of super galactic clusters of stars. Star systems with a central star like the Solar System pop up by the BILLIONS and TRILLIONS in average galaxies like The Milkyway and The Andromeda galaxies.
The usual suspects: (QUARKS: u, d), (LEPTONS: e, νe), (WEAK BOSONS:w+, w-, z0) and (8 different colored gluons: g), Proton (uud) and neutron (udd) stick together due to the Higgs Boson, the networking influence of "No Mass" Photons, and the quark-antiquark Pion crazy-glue (π+, π-, π0), or Pi-Mesons (dū=π+; ūd=π-; uū=π0).
A Proton captures a Neutron with "Pion crazy-glue" and eventually, when the photons cool down due to the rapidly expanding Universe, and stop scattering Electrons, then electron, neutron and proton stick together with "Photon Glue" to form neutral atoms like HYDROGEN, helium, lithium and beryllium.
The crush of gravity, the Higgs Boson and the particle physics and chemistry of Quantum Mechanics cause the stars to come into being and shine, and dying stars create the heavier atoms like Carbon, Oxygen and Gold by fusing HYDROGEN ATOMS (H) together. The two most abundant hydrogen atoms are
(a) one proton + one electron
(p+ + e-), and
(b) one proton + one neutron + one electron
(p+ + e- + n0).
(two b's = Helium).
(3p++3n0 + 3e-) = Lithium
(8p++8n0 + 8e-) = Oxygen.
Then comes the organic and biochemistry of carbohydrates, hydrocarbons and microbiology. Biochemistry gives rise to genes (DNA & RNA). Gene evolution produces microbial life (virus/bacteria) and these living cells evolve into people with culture. Vast oceans of material and spiritual culture evolve by the action of memes, memeplex and selfplex (conscious awareness) regulating human being's activity on the external objective landscape as well as the internal subjective world. So cultural phenomena like music, swimming, The Olympics, Skyscraping Super Structures like the ill-fated World Trade Center Twin Towers, baseball, football & World Cup Soccer past times and other sports and sport cars, etc, are created and evolve.
**************************************************************************
**********************************************************************************
The Photon, Closed
& Open Strings
A photon is defined by its Quantum Energy (E) and the Quantum of Action
(h).
A photon’s or a quantum particle's quantum energy is equal to the whole number amount
(n)
of quantum of action generated by
the photon over one second (n/sec), or frequency, ν (ν=
n/sec)
as described by the
Quantum
Energy equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E = hν
Where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . E
is the quantum particle's
Quantum
Energy
And . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . h
Planck’s Constant
is the Quantum of Action
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ν
is a fixed constant amount of h
the
quantum particle, or photon
generates over one second
a better name for this "time
rate generation of the Quantum of Action
" is "the photon's h frequency generation", or
simply, ν.
The Quantum Energy
equation for red wave (R) is .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ER = hνR
The Quantum Energy of the red wave . . . . . . . . . ER
is equal to the product of
the Quantum of Action) and . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .h
and
the frequency generation of h
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . νR
The Quantum Energy of
each of the
quanta (photons): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.Rd, M, Ir, R, O, Y, G, B, I, V, UV,
X, G
is given by the same
quantum energy expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E = hν
Imagine the red wave not as a
particle (quantum particle) nor a wave. Think of this quantum particle as a
string loop (or, if you will, a closed string). h, the Quantum of Action,
is the minimum bit of energy enclosed in this string loop. The energy intensity
of the Red String Loop gives the Red Wave, the Blue Wave,
the XRay
Wave its "red glow", its " blue glow', etc. Each bit of Electromagnetic Wave,
for example the Blue Photon, has its
characteristic Quantum Energy (EB) and frequency (νB) given by
EB
= hνB
The XRay Photon, has its
characteristic Quantum Energy (EX) and frequency (νX) given by
EX = hνX
No two quantum particle
may have the same E, ν, λ
νR (νR = nR /sec) is the
characteristic whole number (n) of h generated by the
red wave photon in one second (that is, the wave's frequency, νR). ER
is the Red Wave's characteristic Quantum
Energy (that is the minimum amount of energy the Red Wave may have). Each
quantum particle has its specific
ER,
νR, λR
What is the Red Wave's Quantum
Energy (ER)? It is its characteristic constant absolute minimum energy
the quantum particle (Red Wave) may have, and it is equivalent to the
characteristic whole
number amount (nR) of h generated by that quantum particle in one second (nR /sec).
number amount (nR) of h generated by that quantum particle in one second (nR /sec).
This “nR /sec” is the
the frequency of the wave,
nR /sec = νR
This is just saying that:
“The Red Photon’s
Quantum Energy is ER = h(nR /sec)
Or The Quantum Energy ER
 |
of a photon with frequency νR is
• • • • • • • • • •
λR
is the characteristic wavelength of the Red
Wave. Think of "Wave" as a closed string (a loop of string). One Red
String Loop contains an amount of
energy, h.
And a Red Loop of frequency, νR,
has energy,
ER, which is equal to hνR {look at νR as the whole number amount (n) of h
the Red Photon generates in a second [νR = n/sec]. The specific frequency of each photon is a unique whole
number multiple (n) of h. And this Quantum of energy, E [ER = hνR],
generated by this (spinning?) Red Loop of string in one second is the absolute
minimum energy the Red string loop may have.
You can have h, (2)h, (3)h
. . .
(n)h
That is, only whole
numbers, n, of h
There is no such thing as a
fraction of a photon
That is, no (½)h,
(⅜)h,
(⅝)h
Only whole number
MULTIPLES of h n = 1, 2, 3 . . . [(1)h,
(2)h,
(3)h
. . .
(n)h]
If E = (h)
• n/sec.
3 is the 'n'
generated over 1sec, n/sec
= 3/sec
then E =
h
• 3/sec
which is
E = h • 3
Which is E = h(3) { E = h(ν)}
Red Wave vibrates
("shines")
at its characteristic frequency, . . . . . . . . .νR
XRay vibrates ("shines")
at its characteristic frequency, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .νx.
Each different Quantum Particle
"shines" at its unique frequency
“ν”
Red Wave is a "
Red shining
string loop" spinning at a
characteristic rate. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. ...νR.
Gamna Wave is a "
Gamma shining loop of string"
spinningwith characteristic rate, . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .νG,
Blue Wave string loop shines in Blue frequency, . . . . . . . .νB
the Quantum Energy [E] is the amount [n] of Quantum of Action [h] generated in one second [ν] { ν = n/sec}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
just like the weight density of gold mean the density of gold is 1gm /cc, and therefore 2cc of gold weighs 2gm and 10cc of gold weighs 20gm, quantum of action density means the "density " of the photon is n h's per sec. that is, the quantum action density of the photon (E) is equal to the number (n) of h's per second (n/sec) generated by the photon. another name for n/sec is the frequency (ν) of the photon The quantum of action density times the quantum of action. that is, the photon's quantum energy
All Green Waves are absolutely the
same (identical EG, fG, λG)
Blue Electromagnetic
Quanta have exactly the same
identical quantum
energies, quantum frequencies and quantum wavelengths
All across the whole electromagnetic
spectrum the Quantum of Action (h)
(Planck’s
Constant) is absolutely the same for light of all different
colors from:
Radio-Micro-Ir-R-O-Y-G-B-I-V-UV-XRay-Gamma
These different
colors of the rainbow of photons with their characteristic E-ν-λ are the
variety of expressions of the QUANTUM of
ACTION (h) (aka Planck’s
Constant).
The different
photons of the rainbow of light within the Spectrum of Electromagnetism may be
regarded as the
QUANTUM of
ACTION
Making
“Different Fashion Statements”
P • λ = h (the [λ]Wave’s
motion and [P]momentum is the “spirit” of
[h] Quantum of Action within the String Loop
E = h • n/sec
n/sec = ν = Wave
frequency
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
The quantum energies of the
photons of the light spectrum (from Radio to Gamma) is a measure of how hot the
different photons in the electromagnetic spectrum of quanta (photons) are.
How does the quantun of
action relates to the quantum energy of a photon. Both are related in the
Quantum Energy Expression
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . E . t = h
the quantum energy of the
photon is . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . E
one cycle of the photon’s
wave is its period . . . . . . .
. . .
t
the quantum of action of the
photon. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
. . h
what is “Quantum Energy (E) “? It is the energy of a photon quantum particle; it is the smallest
amount of energy any photon may have. Every red photon
has its characteristic quantum energy (ER). This applies to every photon of light within the
rainbow of colors of the electromamgnetic spectrum. The E for each different photon of light from
Rd-M-Ir-R-O-Y-G-B-I-V-UV-X-G
Is unique to each of the
different photons above. Essentially, E is the product of the “quantum of action density(n/sec=ν)” and the quantum of action (h) of the red photon.
Just like normal density, the
density of gold for, example, means there is the same exact weight of gold in every cubic centimeter volume of
gold, the quantum of action density (frequency, or n /sec) of a red photon means
there is the same exact “weight” of quantum of action (h) in each red photon. However, this “density” (ν) is the whole
number, n /sec, of h’s
generated by the red photon. In other words, the
frequency, ν (ν=n /sec) of the photon. The amount of stuff in
the 1 cc gold bar is the same amount of stuff in any other 1 cc gold bar. Let’s
say the gold bar’s density is 1 gram/cc, then 2cc of gold bars weigh 2 grams, 30cc
of gold bars weigh 1gram/cc x 30cc weighs 30grams. Similarly, if the photon contains n numbers
of h’s ("stuff") per second (the photon’s h density = n /sec= f) the amount of h (i.e, density of h) in any one
random red
photon is the same amount of h (i.e., density of h) in any other
single random red photon. Therefore, the “mass”
of one photon = one E (one hf; the mass of 2 photons = 2E (2hf) . . . the mass
of 1000000 photons =1000000E (1000000hf)
E is the product of the quantum of action (h) and the quantum of action density (ν)
E = hν
### ##############$## ##############$$ A photon (quantum Particle-closed string) may divide into a pair of matter-antimatter open Strings (electron-positron). The electron has a SUSY partner (SElectron) and an matter-antimatter Charge Symmetry partner (positron) The Photon has a Boson-Fermion SUSY partner (Photino) but the Photon is its own antimatter Charge Symmetry partner ## ############################$$
0-Brane, closed & open strings; Quantum of Action & Quantum Energy
E = hf
E
, the quantun energy of a quantum particle (photon) is equivalent to the product of
h
, the quantum of action, and the amount of The Quantum of Action generated by the
quantum particle (Red Wave, UV Wave, etc), or the frequency of the photon
f
h, The Quantum of Action (aka Planck's Constant) is the absolute minimum energy that may
exist. Each quantum particle (a photon) has its characteristic frequency (f) of h, so that
each type of photon has a unique minimum energy, its Quantum Energy (E).
consider the quantum energy of the Red photon (ER)
ER = hfR
ER,
the quantum energy of the Red Wave is equal to the product of the frequency (fR)
of the quantum of action, and the quantum of action (h)
Similarly, consider the quantum energy of a UV Wave (EUV)
EUV = hfUV
The UV photon has
a unique
quantum energy
EUV
it is equal to the
product of
the quantum of action
h
and the unique frequency fUV
of the quantum of action
generated by the UV photon
each quantum particle (within the EM spectrum: Red;Orange, Xray, etc). generates its own unique quantum energy (E) associated with a unique frequency (f) generation of
the quantum of action
, h (aka Planck's Constant)
ER = hfR
EO = hfO
EX = hfX
*********
No comments:
Post a Comment