Strings_Superstrings_Things_and_Life
About fourteen
billion years ago The Universe was a near-perfect tiny massive ball of strings.
However it was under stress from the natural entropy that is an integral part
of it. Entropy is a degrading and corrosive rotting influence that exists naturally in all things. If it was not for Entropy, death would not necessarily be an inevitability; because of Entropy, everything MUST degrade and pass away, even The Universe! This stress of the entropy degraded and overcame the gravitational force binding up
this massive tiny ball of superstrings, causing it to explode massively. Out of
this massive BIG BANG explosion came, by the trillions and trillions of quadrillions, particles like quarks, gluons, electrons, neutrinos, photons,
Zee-nought, W-plus, W-minus, and the Higgs Boson. Over time protons and
neutrons formed (proton=up-quark_up-quark_down-quark=uud; neutron=
up-quark_ down-quark down-quark =udd). Then protons began to bind with
electrons and neutrons creating hydrogen atoms. There are three types of H's:
Hydrogen (H; or 1 proton), Deuterium (D; or 1 proton and 1 neutron), Tritium
(T; or 1 proton and 2 neutron.). At that time, 300, 000 years after the massive
explosion, the matter it created was almost all hydrogen and helium; but there
were traces of lithium and beryllium. Maybe about a million years after the
creation of this matter consisting of mostly hydrogen and helium, stars begun
to form by the gravitational attraction between hydrogen atoms and helium
atoms. Over the next few billion years the universe consisted of stars in huge
conglomerates called galaxies. About five billion years ago The Solar System
begun to form. About four and half billion years ago the Earth was created out
of "star dust" (literally). Earth chemistry became more complicated,
becoming Earth biochemistry. Earth biochemistry gave rise to emergent
DNA-biochemistry and RNA-biochemistry.
DNA and RNA have the unique ability to make copies of themselves; DNA copies itself, RNA copies itself, or DNA molecules self-replicate themselves, and RNA molecules self-replicate themselves. The DNA and RNA copies made through replication are not always perfect copies. So eventually imperfect copies of DNA and RNA molecules are made. Now you have an accumulation of DNA and RNA variants, or mutant DNA and RNA. Those mutants that can adapt to the environs they find themselves in are a better fit and will survive in those environs best; this maybe referred to, classically as "Survival of the Fittest". But it makes sense that if a mutant is a better fit or the best fit for the environment it will tend to flourish better/best than those mutants that fit poorly or just does not fit at all. This process of
1. Replication (natural ability to self-copy),
2. Mutation ("bad copies"from copying errors) and
3. Selection (better/best mutant fit to its environ) is called "The Evolutionary Algorithm". The bottom line is, where there are replicators self-copying, you are bound to have mutant copies, and those mutant copies that can survive better or best in the environs they find themselves, will survive, because they are the fittest, and the fittest mutants tend to survive better than the less fit and/or unfit mutants(WOW!)
DNA and RNA have the unique ability to make copies of themselves; DNA copies itself, RNA copies itself, or DNA molecules self-replicate themselves, and RNA molecules self-replicate themselves. The DNA and RNA copies made through replication are not always perfect copies. So eventually imperfect copies of DNA and RNA molecules are made. Now you have an accumulation of DNA and RNA variants, or mutant DNA and RNA. Those mutants that can adapt to the environs they find themselves in are a better fit and will survive in those environs best; this maybe referred to, classically as "Survival of the Fittest". But it makes sense that if a mutant is a better fit or the best fit for the environment it will tend to flourish better/best than those mutants that fit poorly or just does not fit at all. This process of
1. Replication (natural ability to self-copy),
2. Mutation ("bad copies"from copying errors) and
3. Selection (better/best mutant fit to its environ) is called "The Evolutionary Algorithm". The bottom line is, where there are replicators self-copying, you are bound to have mutant copies, and those mutant copies that can survive better or best in the environs they find themselves, will survive, because they are the fittest, and the fittest mutants tend to survive better than the less fit and/or unfit mutants(WOW!)
Another name for
this Evolutionary Algorithm is "Evolution by Natural Selection" (aka
Darwinism). After about four billion years of this algorithm playing out (that
is, after billions of years of REPLICATION-VARIATION-SELECTION of the DNA/RNA-bio-molecules), you get complex
genomes, which are huge conglomerations of genes. The Human Genome, for example
is a conglomerate of about 30,000 genes working together as a team to grow and
maintain an individual organism called a "Human Being". The Tree of
life began as a biochemical bacteria-like single cell.
Starting out as a microscopic single living cell, The Tree of Life is being unendingly processed through this
REPLICATION-VARIATION-SELECTION algorithm. After more than three and a half
billion years of this evolutionary process it has grown into a huge, strong and
vibrant tree consisting of a few million branches called biological species. Of course, the reason each and every living life form share the same Genetic code (which consist of a set of 20 Amino Acids, each paired up with a set of Gene codons in a one to one correspondence)is simply because this MOTHER CELL passed down the Genetic Code to her descendants,that is, all life forms, including US! The "Family Jewels", The Genetic code, was inherited from this One Mother that emerged on The Good Earth more than three and a half billion years ago. It is for this reason and no other that The Genetic Code in a blade of grass, The Genetic Code in an elephant and The Genetic Code in every single living thing is exactly identical.
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